1）生成CA和证书

# to create RSA Certificate
openssl genrsa -des -passout pass:"123456" -out rsa_ca_prikey.key 1024 
openssl req -config caOpenssl.cnf -key rsa_ca_prikey.key -passin pass:"123456" -new -out rsa_ca_cert.req 
openssl x509 -req -in rsa_ca_cert.req -signkey rsa_ca_prikey.key -passin pass:"123456" -out rsa_ca_cert.pem 

openssl genrsa -des -passout pass:"123456" -out rsa_site_prikey.key 1024 
openssl req -config siteOpenssl.cnf -key rsa_site_prikey.key -passin pass:"123456" -new -out rsa_site_cert.req 
openssl x509 -req -in rsa_site_cert.req -CA rsa_ca_cert.pem -CAkey rsa_ca_prikey.key -passin pass:"123456" -out rsa_site_cert.pem -CAcreateserial 


# to create ECC Certificate 
openssl ecparam -genkey -name prime256v1 -out ecc_ca_prikey.key  
openssl req -config caOpenssl.cnf -key ecc_ca_prikey.key -new -out ecc_ca_cert.req 
openssl x509 -req -in ecc_ca_cert.req -signkey ecc_ca_prikey.key -out ecc_ca_cert.pem 

openssl ecparam -genkey -name prime256v1 -out ecc_site_prikey.key  
openssl req -config siteOpenssl.cnf -key ecc_site_prikey.key -new -out ecc_site_cert.req 
openssl x509 -req -in ecc_site_cert.req -CA ecc_ca_cert.pem -CAkey ecc_ca_prikey.key -out ecc_site_cert.pem -CAcreateserial 


# to create DSA Certificate 
openssl dsaparam -genkey 512 -out dsa_ca_prikey.key 
openssl req -config caOpenssl.cnf -key dsa_ca_prikey.key -new -out dsa_ca_cert.req 
openssl x509 -req -in dsa_ca_cert.req -signkey dsa_ca_prikey.key -out dsa_ca_cert.pem 

openssl dsaparam -genkey 512 -out dsa_site_prikey.key 
openssl req -config siteOpenssl.cnf -key dsa_site_prikey.key -new -out dsa_site_cert.req 
openssl x509 -req -in dsa_site_cert.req -CA dsa_ca_cert.pem -CAkey dsa_ca_prikey.key -out dsa_site_cert.pem -CAcreateserial

2）查看证书

# 查看KEY信息
$ openssl rsa -noout -text -in myserver.key

# 查看CSR信息
$ openssl req -noout -text -in myserver.csr

# 查看证书信息
$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in ca.pem

# 查看证书公钥对应的RSA模
$ openssl x509 -in mysite.pem -noout -modulus

# 查看证书subject项$ openssl x509 -in mysite.pem -noout -subject -nameopt multiline

# 查看证书issuer项$ openssl x509 -in mysite.pem -noout -issuer -nameopt multiline

# 检查证书用途
$ openssl x509 -purpose -noout -in 192.168.200.7.cer

3）验证证书

# 会提示self signed
$ openssl verify ca_cert.pem

# 因为myserver.crt 是幅ca.crt发布的，所以会验证成功
$ openssl verify -CAfile ca_cert.pem site_cert.pem

4）格式转换

# PKCS转换为PEM
$ openssl pkcs12 -in myserver.pfx -out myserver.pem -nodes

# PEM转换为DER
$ openssl x509 -outform der -in myserver.pem -out myserver.[der|crt]

# PEM提取KEY
$ openssl RSA -in myserver.pem -out myserver.key

# DER转换为PEM
$ openssl x509 -inform der -in myserver.[cer|crt] -out myserver.pem

# PEM转换为PKCS
$ openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey myserver.key -in myserver.pem  -out myserver.pfx -certfile ca.crt> openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey www.mysite.com.key -in www.mysite.com.pem -passin pass:123456 -passout pass:123456 -out www.mysite.com.p12

5）去掉key的密码保护

$ openssl rsa -in encryedprivate.key -out unencryed.key

6）测试证书

Openssl提供了简单的client和server工具，可以用来模拟SSL连接，做测试使用。

# 连接到远程服务器
$ openssl s_client -connect www.google.com.hk:443

# 模拟的HTTPS服务，可以返回Openssl相关信息 
# -accept 用来指定监听的端口号 
# -cert -key 用来指定提供服务的key和证书
$ openssl s_server -accept 443 -cert myserver.crt -key myserver.key -www

# 可以将key和证书写到同一个文件中
$ cat myserver.crt myserver.key > myserver.pem
# 使用的时候只提供一个参数就可以了
$ openssl s_server -accept 443 -cert myserver.pem -www

# 可以将服务器的证书保存下来
$ openssl s_client -connect www.google.com.hk:443  remoteserver.pem
# 转换成DER文件，就可以在Windows下直接查看了
$ openssl x509 -outform der -in remoteserver.pem -out remoteserver.cer

7）计算MD5和SHA1

# MD5 digest
$ openssl dgst -md5 filename

# SHA1 digest
$ openssl dgst -sha1 filename